REPORT 2

Environment

INTRODUCTION

The environment means the surround us. The air which we breath the soil on which we stand water leaving and non leaving thinks around the environment. From environment we get food to eat, water to drink, air to breathe & naturally selection & elimination of environment only caused by evolution.

The basic components of the environment are atmosphere, hydrosphere, Lithosphere Biosphere. The atmosphere or air consists of complex mixture of a no. of gases, water vapor. It is divided into your major layers namely as troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere. The atmosphere regulates the temper of earth. The hydrosphere or water is absolutely essential for like. It is natural resources of fundamental importance without water like of us it exists on our planet is impossible nature is the very medium in which all bio-chemical reaction takes place. The lithosphere is earths crust consist of rocks. It is the complex collection of organic & inorganic material or both leaving & dead soil plays an important role in determining the nature & composition of biosphere, soil is a sold stratum underneath which provides mechanical support to the plants. Environment has been important factor in shaping the biosphere must have existed under or deficient atmosphere.

With rise in human population, natural resources are being taxed all over the world. A man had very little needs & used few resources. Any material which can be trance formed in a way that it because more valuable & useful is called as resources. Natural resources obtained from nature. Natural resources can be of the following two types Biotic & A biotic resources. A biotic resource is the directly or indirectly derived from photosynthesis activity of green plants. E.g. food fruits, wood, fiber, milk, mineral material, fresh water, rocks, salts & chemical area biotic resources are biological activity is not involved in there formation.

Human activity generates tremendous amounts of waste materials. There are discharged in various components of the environments in which they bring about undesirable change. The pollution is defined as the "any undesirable change in the physical, chemical or biological characteristics of natural water, air, or soil which can adversely affect the life or can create a potential health hazard to any living organism". The substance which causes pollution is called as pollutants. Major types of environmental pollutions are air pollution it is defined as change in natural quality & composition of air due to presence of various polluting factors. The air pollutants many include solid particles, liquid droplets and air pollutants are classified into primary and secondary air pollutants. The primary air pollutants are directly emitted from sources such as sulpher dioxide, H2S, hydrocarbons. The secondary air pollutants are formed by interaction definition primary pollutants such as ozone, PAN, WOX, photochemical smog, acid rain. The major source of air pollution is man made gas.es & partials related to the burning fossils fuel like coal, petrol, diesel, kerosene. The effect of air pollution is very harmful to human health so propped use of fossil fuel per different purpose.

Life on earth began in water. Water is not only essential for survival of economic wealth & creator of beautiful environment. The definition of waters pollution is the negative change in physical, chemical & biological properties of natural water due to addition of pollution causing effect on aquatic life. Due to negative impact of human activities water get polluted. The water quantity depends upon the range of characteristics concerned with the physical &chemical properties of material the polluted water get dieses like Dysentery, Hepatitis, poliomyelitis. Polluted water reduced aesthetic beastly & recreational value and economic value of any water body.

The soil is one of the most important ecological factors. The soil can be defined as the weathered superficial layer of the earth's orust. The rapidly changing land use of advancing technology soil gets polluted disposal of industrial waste is the major problem for soil pollution. Some toxic chemicals like dioxins pollutes soil & these are associated with the manufacturer of organic pesticides, modern agricultural practices depends on chemical synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides & soil conditioning reacquaints which pollutes the soil to a large erodent.

The change in agriculture crops as per demands and supply policy. The modern system of agricultures use lazes amt. of fossil fuel energy ,water chemical fertilizers & pesticides to produce huge quantities of ropes, vegetable and fruits have changed for more ordinal product in the changed diets in India overgrazing is a problem due to the large population of loss productive live stock which destroys woodlands & agriculture lands. In order to increase the fertility of soil as well as the the production. Pesticides are used to control unwanted species but in India pesticide in comparatively low to other countries. The removal of soil erosion. The rate of soil formation is very slow & the soil profile is developing at the rate of about 1cm every lOOto 400 years. Soil erosion is naturally occurring on all lands. The less of soil from farmland may be reflected in the reduced crop production potential, demand in reduced crop production potential, giving drainage networks reduction In soil compaction lowering of organic matter etc.

REPORT 1

                            AIR  POLLUTION   

INTRODUCTION
Effect of air pollution to understand this we have to understand meaning of air pollution and its origin. Air pollution is basically the presence of foreign particulars in air.
But the specified definitions of air pollution can be given as the presence in the out door atmosphere of one or more contaminants such as dust, fumes, gas, mist, odor, smoke etc. which are injurious to human, plant or other handhold properties.
Air pollution is nothing but the product o1 activities of human beings itself A by product of the manner in which we on lie our air pollution is transport ourselves and our goods, and generate the energy to heat and light, the places where we live, play and work. Industrialization provided humanity with many materials and socials benefits. One of which is pollution of the environment. Most of the ecologist recognizes pollution as a serious at to the quality of our life. The air environment is loosing its purity continuously due to the concentration of smoke and other pollutants. Burning of coal gives off both soot and sulfur oxide and nitrogen oxides and other in the atmosphere.
It has been found that a significantly increasing volume of particulate matter entering the atmosphere scatters the incoming sunlight. This reduces the amount of heat that reaches the earth and tends to reduce its temperature. The decreasing global temperature of recent years. Have been attributed to the rising concentration of air particulars in atmosphere. A counter acting phenomenon referred to as green house effect is caused by the increasing amount of CO2 found in the atmosphere generated in the combustion process continuous to increase at present rate, the mean global temperature, could rise by 4C. In the next 5 decade. This might become a matter of great importance because smaller temperature increase could cause a partial melting of ice cap of earth causing continental flooding.
Our usable air space also known as mixing depth varies with temperature. The air near the ground is heated by solar radiation and rises up. While moving this layer upward it cools off until it reaches a point where its temperature is similar to that of the air layer directly above it. But the polluted air with its load of pollutant. Can not go higher than this level which may lead to temperature inversion.